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Table 4 Concentration of the ions in mg/L (± standard deviation)—descaling with \({\hbox {CO}}_{2}\), before and after injecting the gas until an equilibrium was reached, as well as the mass balance of all \({\hbox {CO}}_{2}\) cycles and the scaled column (mg)
From: Quantification of the effect of gas–water–equilibria on carbonate precipitation
Before | After | \(\sum\) \({\hbox {CO}}_{2}\) cycles | \(\Delta\) \({\hbox {CO}}_{2}\) \(_{start}\) - \({\hbox {CO}}_{2}\) \(_{end}\) | \(\sum\) precipitated | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
mg/L | mg/L | mg | mg | mg | |||
\({\hbox {Na}}^{+}\) | 4.088 | 0.866 | n.d. | 9.53 | 6.58 | − 82.5 | |
\({\hbox {NH}}_{4}{}^{+}\) | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | ||
\({\hbox {K}}^{+}\) | 1.20 | 0.101 | 4.03 | 0.483 | 9.82 | 4.68 | − 45.0 |
\({\hbox {Ca}}^{2+}\) | 93.9 | 8.31 | 452 | 0.904 | 1101 | 798 | 7922 |
\({\hbox {Mg}}^{2+}\) | 23.6 | 1.36 | 27.0 | 0.433 | 103 | 7.90 | − 108 |
\({\hbox {Cl}}{}^{-}\) | 12.7 | 0.0585 | 8.19 | 0.257 | 299 | 172 | − 72.5 |
\({\hbox {NO}}_{2}{}^{-}\) | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | ||
\({\hbox {NO}}_{3}{}^{-}\) | 8.98 | 0.125 | 2.71 | 0.0252 | 103 | 213 | 31.7 |
\({\hbox {PO}}_{4}{}^{3-}\) | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | ||
\({\hbox {SO}}_{4}{}^{2-}\) | 6.68 | 0.0279 | 3.20 | 0.04000 | 92.7 | 151 | − 73.8 |