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Table 1 Overview of the criteria used to calculate the ATES suitability potential, their respective classes or value ranges and the corresponding normalized scores

From: Potential of low-temperature aquifer thermal energy storage (LT-ATES) in Germany

Criterion

Class or value

Normalized score

Aquifer productivity

 

Possible average continuous extraction rates of single wells [l/s]

 

Significant groundwater resources—very productive

Mostly > 40

1

Significant groundwater resources—productive

Mostly 15–40

0.8

Significant groundwater resources—less or varyingly productive

Mostly 5–15

0.6

Less significant groundwater resources

Mostly < 5

0.4

No significant groundwater resources

Mostly < 2

0.1

Iron and manganese contents in groundwater

Groundwater without increased iron/manganese contents

1

Groundwater with increased iron/manganese contents

0

Groundwater flow velocity

 < 0.5 m/d

1

0.5–1.5 m/d

0.6

1.5–5.0 m/d

0.4

 > 5.0 m/d or no data available

0

Ratio CDDs/HDDsa

0.27

1

[…]

[…]

0

0

  1. aCalculated according to Eq. (3)