Table 2 Geothermal activities, temperature gradients, and heat flows of some African countries based on various previous work

Algeria

DU

100–120

(Meliani et al., 2016)

Botswana

DU, F

60–90

(Leseane et al., 2015)

Burundi

DU, ES, EAR

 > 60

72

(Sinzinkayo et al., 2015)

Cameroon

Avg of 72.24

Avg of 180.59

(Mono et al., 2018)

Congo

40

30–140

(Schito et al., 2016)

Djibouti

IU, DU, EAR, ES

 ~ 235

(Saleh et al., 2013)

Egypt

DU

16.3–67.4

47.1–195.5

(Abdel Zaher et al., 2018; Elbarbary et al., 2018)

Ethiopia

IU, DU, EAR, ES, PP

60

(Bekele, 2012)

Gabon

Avg 33

(Hodgson et al., 2017)

Gambia

Avg 30

(Brownfield & Charpentier, 2003)

Ghana

42 ± 8

(Sass & Behrendt, 1980)

Guinea

Avg 30

(Brownfield & Charpentier, 2003)

Guinea-Bissau

Avg 30

(Brownfield & Charpentier, 2003)

Kenya

IU, DU, EAR, ES, PP

69.92–111.53

40–42

(Githiri et al., 2012; Wheildon et al., 1994)

Lesotho

12–21

43–49

(Jones 1992)

Liberia

38–42

(Sass & Behrendt, 1980)

Libya

DU

40– > 60

80–130

(Al-Rashed et al., 2019)

Madagascar

DU,IU

65–76 in the west

65–114 in the east

(Horton et al., 2016)

Malawi

DU, EAR, ES

25–27

60–66

(Njinju et al., 2019; Mumba et al., 2018)

Mauritania

22–28

50

(Lesquer et al., 1991)

Mauritius

61 ± 18

(Chiozzi and Verdoya 2018)

Morocco

DU

35–50

80 to 110

(Rimi et al., 2005; Rimi & Lucazeau, 1987)

Mozambique

DU

47 ± 4

(Nyblade & Pollack 1993)

Namibia

DU, F

40–60

(Intawong et al., 2014)

Nigeria

32.1

63–97.3

(Bello et al., 2017))

Rwanda

IU, DU, EAR, ES

 ~ 30

(Rutagarama, 2016)

Senegal

Avg 30

29–33

(Brownfield & Charpentier, 2003; Lucazeau & Rolandone, 2012)

Somalia

∼35–49

58 ± 12

(Ali & Lee, 2019; Evans & Tammemagi, 1974)

South Africa

DU

29–32

70–82

(Njinju et al., 2019)

South Sudan

Avg 59

(Mohamed et al., 2016)

Sudan

DU

20–26

Avg 39

(Wang et al., 2016)

Tanzania

IU, DU, EAR, ES

34

(Nyblade & Pollack, 1993)

Tunisia

DU

23–49

82

(Mraidi et al., 2019)

Uganda

IU, DU, EAR, ES

27–31

67–79 ± 0.2

(Kato, 2018)

Zambia

ES, DU, IU, EAR

 ~ 23

46–78

(Matende 2015)

Zimbabwe

41– 42

(Kopylova et al., 1997)