Table 3 Petrophysical and hydraulic properties of the LHVC

Post-caldera group

 Pyroclastics, undifferentiated

2.51/2.52 (6) ± 0.03

Q1: 2.47, Q3: 2.53

CV: 1.15%

1.48/1.48 (6) ± 0.03

Q1: 1.45, Q3: 1.51

CV: 2.32%

41.1/41.0 (6) ± 1.3

Q1: 39.8, Q3: 42.4

CV: 3.24%

2.4E-13/2.3E-13 (4) ± 4.7E-14

Q1: 2.1E-13, Q3: 2.9E-13

CV: 19.03%

 Basalts

2.65/2.67 (40) ± 0.10

Q1: 2.62, Q3: 2.72

CV: 3.9%

2.28/2.33 (28) ± 0.18

Q1: 2.14, Q3: 2.42

CV: 8.01%

14.0/12.3 (28) ± 5.4

Q1: 10.5, Q3: 17.5

CV: 38.65%

6.7E-14/2.5E-17 (27) ± 1.9E-13

Q1: 5.8E-18, Q3: 8.4E-15

CV: 291.46%

 Ash fall deposits

2.36/2.36 (6) ± 0.04

Q1: 2.31 Q3: 2.38

CV: 1.78%

1.23/1.19 (6) ± 0.13

Q1: 1.17, Q3: 1.27

CV: 10.81%

48.1/49.8 (6) ± 4.7

Q1: 46.1, Q3: 50.6

CV: 9.82%

1.3E-14/1.1E-14 (5) ± 2.7E-15

Q1: 1.1E-14, Q3: 1.5E-14

CV: 21.80%

Caldera group

 Zaragoza ignimbrite

2.48/2.44 (34) ± 0.11

Q1: 2.42, Q3: 2.50

CV: 4.33%

1.60/1.56 (23) ± 0.18

Q1: 1.48, Q3: 1.58

CV: 11.40%

36.3/37.1 (23) ± 4.5

Q1: 34.8, Q3: 39.8

CV: 12.32%

4.7E-14/8.8E-15 (19) ± 8.8E-14

Q1: 1.7E-15, Q3: 2.3E-14

CV: 188.13%

 Xáltipan ignimbrite total

2.28/2.41 (120) ± 0.34

Q1: 2.25, Q3: 2.49

CV: 15.02%

1.40/1.33 (64) ± 0.44

Q1: 1.24, Q3: 1.72

CV: 31.01%

40.9/42.9 (64) ± 14.5

Q1: 31.0, Q3: 50.1

CV: 35.46%

2.5E-13/1.7E-13 (59) ± 2.6E-13

Q1: 3.3E-14, Q3: 4.1E-13

CV: 103.68%

  Xáltipan ig. (unaltered)

2.40/2.43 (93) ± 0.10

Q1: 2.36, Q3: 2.49

CV: 4.25%

1.47/1.34 (53) ± 0.23

Q1:1.28, Q3: 1.72

CV: 15.71%

39.5/38.4 (53) ± 9.5

Q1: 31.0, Q3: 47.7

CV: 23.92%

2.8E-13/1.7E-13 (50) ± 2.7E-13

Q1: 3.9E-14, Q3: 5.2E-13

CV: 96.38%

  Xáltipan ig. (pumice)

1.51/1.50 (18) ± 0.15

Q1: 1.40, Q3: 1.61

CV: 9.86%

0.56/0.56 (8) ± 0.06

Q1: 0.51, Q3: 0.59

CV: 9.92%

63.5/61.6 (8) ± 6.9

Q1: 57.8, Q3: 70.6

CV: 10.87%

1.6E-13/1.3E-13 (6) ± 1.8E-13

Q1: 1.7E-15, Q3: 3.1E-13

CV: 111.85%

  Xáltipan ig. (altered, welded)

2.52/2.52 (9) ± 0.03

Q1: 2.49, Q3: 2.53

CV: 1.03%

2.42/2.42 (3) ± 0.01

Q1: 2.41, Q3: 2.43

4.1/4.5 (3) ± 1.9

Q1: 2.1, Q3: 5.9

6.0E-18/4.3E-18 (3) ± 3.2E-18

Pre-caldera group

 Cinder cones total

2.80/2.81 (15) ± 0.05

Q1: 2.77, Q3: 2.83

CV: 1.64%

1.82/1.98 (7) ± 0.32

Q1: 1.60, Q3: 2.03

CV: 17.72%

35.5/30.1 (7) ± 11.0

Q1: 28.3, Q3: 42.4

CV: 31.1%

3.9E-13/2.3E-14 (5) ± 5.8E-13

Q1: 5.5E-16, Q3: 9.7E-13

CV: 147.54%

  Scoria

2.82/2.83 (11) ± 0.03

Q1: 2.78, Q3: 2.84

CV: 1.11%

2.00/1.98 (5) ± 0.06

Q1: 1.95, Q3: 2.05

CV: 2.85%

29.7/29.9 (5) ± 2.2

Q1: 27.7%, Q3: 31.5

CV: 7.54%

7.9E-15/1.1E-15 (3) ± 1.3E-14

  Fallout deposits

2.75/2.75 (4) ± 0.04

Q1: 2.71, Q3: 2.79

1.39 (2) ± 0.30

50.0 (2) ± 10.8

9.7E-13 (2) ± 4.8E-13

 Teziutlán andesite unit total

2.72/2.72 (142) ± 0.06

Q1: 2.69, Q3: 2.74

CV: 2.07%

2.53/2.60 (131) ± 0.19

Q1: 2.39, Q3: 2.68

CV: 7.44%

6.9/2.7 (126) ± 7.3

Q1: 1.5, Q3: 13.4

CV: 106.26%

1.0E-14/4.6E-17 (92) ± 3.0E-14

Q1: 2E-18, Q3: 2.9E-15

CV: 299.72%

  Teziutlán and. (nonporous)

2.71/2.71 (105) ± 0.05

Q1: 2.67, Q3: 2.73

CV: 1.96%

2.63/2.65 (94) ± 0.10

Q1: 2.59, Q3: 2.69

CV: 3.89%

2.7/2.1 (89) ± 2.5

Q1: 1.1, Q3: 2.9

CV: 92.58%

3.1E-15/4.3E-18 (68) ± 2.0E-14

Q1:1.7E-18, Q3: 8.2E-17

CV: 627.69%

  Teziutlán and. (porous)

2.76/2.75 (37) ± 0.04

Q1: 2.74, Q3: 2.77

CV: 1.53%

2.30/2.35 (37) ± 0.15

Q1: 2.17, Q3: 2.39

CV: 6.31%

16.9/14.7 (37) ± 4.6

Q1: 13.4, Q3: 21.3

CV: 27.21%

3.0E-14/9.5E-15 (24) ± 4.4E-14

Q1: 7.2E-16, Q3: 5.2E-14

CV: 147.99%

 Cuyoaco andesite unit

2.64/2.65 (50) ± 0.02

Q1: 2.64, Q3: 2.67

CV: 0.87%

2.55/2.61 (32) ± 0.10

Q1: 2.50, Q3: 2.62

CV: 3.75%

4.0/1.4 (32) ± 4.1

Q1: 0.9, Q3: 6.6

CV: 100.81%

4.0E-15/5.1E-18 (26) ± 1.6E-14

Q1: 2.4E-18, Q3: 7.9E-16

CV: 407.02%

Basement

 Limestone Cretaceous

2.67/2.68 (352) ± 0.05

Q1: 2.65, Q3: 2.70

CV: 1.78%

2.66/2.68 (232) ± 0.10

Q1: 2.63, Q3: 2.70

CV: 3.61%

2.1/0.8 (201) ± 3.0

Q1: 0.5, Q3: 2.6

CV: 141.52%

5.3E-16/3.2E-18 (179) ± 4.4E-15

Q1: 1.1E-18, Q3: 6.9E-18

CV: 825.21%

 Chert nodules

2.63/2.65 (19) ± 0.03

Q1: 2.62, Q3: 2.6

CV: 1.02%

2.63/2.63 (15) ± 0.04

Q1: 2.60, Q3: 2.65

CV: 1.42%

0.8/0.8 (14) ± 0.6

Q1: 0.2, Q3: 1.2

CV: 74.50%

5.4E-17/2.8E-18 (13) ± 1.6E-16

Q1: 2E-18, Q3: 9.5E-18

CV: 303.80%

 Shales Cretaceous

2.68/2.68 (7) ± 0.01

Q1: 2.68, Q3: 2.69

CV: 0.20%

2.66/2.66 (6) ± 0.01

Q1: 2.66, Q3: 2.67

CV: 0.39%

1.3/1.1 (6) ± 0.7

Q1: 0.8, Q3: 1.7

CV: 56.95%

1.7E-18/7.2E-19 (5) ± 1.6E-18

Q1: 4.6E-19, Q3: 3.4E-18

CV: 94.83%

 Limestone Jurassic

2.64/2.66 (39) ± 0.05

Q1: 2.62, Q3: 2.68

CV: 1.98%

2.63/2.61 (30) ± 0.04

Q1: 2.59, Q3: 2.68

CV: 1.69%

1.8/1.1 (29) ± 1.6

Q1: 0.8, Q3: 2.6

CV: 88.61%

1.5E-15/2.1E-18 (24) ± 5.7E-15

Q1: 8.1E-19, Q3: 9.2E-18

CV: 388.40%

 Sandstone Jurassic

2.64/2.65 (7) ± 0.02

Q1: 2.64, Q3: 2.66

CV: 0.63%

2.07/2.08 (6) ± 0.08

Q1: 2.02, Q3: 2.13

CV: 3.77%

20.5/20.4 (6) ± 1.8

Q1: 19.3, Q3: 21.8

CV: 8.74%

8.1E-13/3.2E-14 (7) ± 2.0E-12

Q1: 1.8E-16, Q3: 2.7E-13

CV: 243.80%

 Basaltic—andesitic dykes

2.66/2.65 (26) ± 0.19

Q1: 2.58, Q3: 2.95

CV: 6.85%

2.68/2.57 (22) ± 0.21

Q1: 2.56, Q3: 2.93

CV: 7.73%

1.6/1.0 (22) ± 2.1

Q1: 0.7, Q3: 2.0

CV: 128.04%

5.6E-18/3.7E-18 (16) ± 4.5E-18

Q1: 2.3E-18, Q3: 8.8E-18

CV: 79.44%

 Marble

2.72/2.71 (69) ± 0.10

Q1: 2.69, Q3: 2.85

CV: 3.59%

2.70/2.69 (69) ± 0.11

Q1: 2.63, Q3: 2.80

CV: 4.06%

1.5/0.8 (79) ± 1.7

Q1: 0.5, Q3: 1.8

CV: 117.27%

2.5E-15/2.5E-18 (48) ± 1.2E-14

Q1: 1.1E-18, Q3: 6E-18

CV: 467.41%

 Quartz veins

2.63/2.64 (20) ± 0.03

Q1: 2.62, Q3: 2.69

CV: 1.10%

2.53/2.57 (19) ± 0.09

Q1: 2.51, Q3: 2.58

CV: 3.64%

3.5/2.8 (19) ± 3.0

Q1: 1.5, Q3: 4.3

CV: 85.60%

1.5E-14/4.5E-15 (10) ± 2.2E-14

Q1: 2.5E-16, Q3: 2.7E-14

CV: 151.63%

 Skarn

3.19/3.32 (142) ± 0.51

Q1: 2.73, Q3: 3.69

CV: 15.53%

3.23/3.26 (111) ± 0.49

Q1: 2.71, Q3: 3.57

CV: 15.14%

3.7/2.4 (115) ± 3.9

Q1: 0.8, Q3: 4.5

CV: 103.87%

8.4E-13/9E-18 (90) ± 8.0E-12

Q1: 2.5E-18, Q3: 4E-17

CV: 948.01%

 Granitoids total

2.64/2.65 (124) ± 0.12

Q1: 2.61, Q3: 2.67

CV: 4.39%

2.51/2.52 (73) ± 0.18

Q1: 2.35, Q3: 2.63

CV: 6.99%

6.0/3.6 (76) ± 4.8

Q1: 1.6, Q3: 10.7

CV: 80.26%

2.6E-16/7.9E-18 (53) ± 1.4E-15

Q1: 2.7E-18, Q3: 5.8E-17

CV: 539.26%

  Granitoids (weak–moderate alteration)

2.65/2.65 (80) ± 0.12

Q1: 2.63, Q3: 2.68

CV: 4.53%

2.56/2.59 (52) ± 0.18

Q1: 2.36, Q3: 2.65

CV: 6.91%

1.8/1.6 (40) ± 1.2

Q1: 0.9, Q3: 2.5

CV: 65.85%

4.0E-17/3.5E-18 (28) ± 1.2E-16

Q1: 1.2E-18, Q3: 7.7E-18

CV: 300.54%

  Granitoids (strong alteration)

2.60/2.62 (30) ± 0.04

Q1: 2.60, Q3: 2.64

CV: 1.50%

2.38/2.37 (21) ± 0.07

Q1: 2.36, Q3: 2.42

CV: 2.77%

9.7/9.7 (21) ± 2.8

Q1: 8.4, Q3: 10.9

CV: 28.68%

2.9E-17/2.6E-17 (14) ± 2.5E-17

Q1: 4.5E-18, Q3: 4.9E-17

CV: 87.14%