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Table 2 Properties of water and ice above and below the freezing point

From: The interplay of Malm carbonate permeability, gravity-driven groundwater flow, and paleoclimate – implications for the geothermal field and potential in the Molasse Basin (southern Germany), a foreland-basin play

Material property

Ice (< 0 °C)

Water (> 0 °C)

Density

918 kg m–3

999.8443 kg m–3

Heat capacity at constant pressure

2052 J kg–1 K–1

4219.4 J kg–1 K–1

Thermal conductivity

2.31 W m–1 K–1

0.562 W m–1 K–1