Fig. 8

a Darcy’s velocity magnitude at present (time = 1.3E5 a) for the high Malm permeability scenario with a constant surface temperature (i.e. model run B), and b difference of Darcy’s velocity magnitude between the high and low Malm permeability scenarios (i.e. difference between model runs B and A). Darcy’s velocity magnitude is expressed as logarithm base 10 and unit m a−1. Vertical exaggeration equals three