Fig. 11From: The interplay of Malm carbonate permeability, gravity-driven groundwater flow, and paleoclimate – implications for the geothermal field and potential in the Molasse Basin (southern Germany), a foreland-basin playThermal field including permafrost development in the low Malm permeability scenario under paleoclimatic conditions (i.e. model run D introduced in Fig. 3) a 20 ka ago (time = 1.1E5 a) and b at present (time = 1.3E5 a), and in the high Malm permeability scenario under paleoclimatic conditions (i.e. model run E) c 20 ka ago (time = 1.1E5 a) and d at present (time = 1.3E5 a). Red lines are isotherms at 25 °C intervals. White line marks base of permafrost (0 °C). Vertical exaggeration equals threeBack to article page