Techno-economic and environmental analysis of an Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage (ATES) in Germany

Geothermal Energy

Science – Society – Technology

Table 6 Parameters defining the capital and current costs of the district heating supply

Category	Parameter	Minimum	Mode		Maximum
Capital costs C_DH	Excavation work (€/m)	101.15^a	113.05		124.95^b
	Piping (€/m)	232.05^b	431.40		630.70^c
	Contingency (%)		10^d
		Karlsruhe^e	Ulm^f	Pforzheim^g	Emmendingen^h
Current costs	Commodity price CP (ct/kWh)	5.87	5.90	8.96	8.94
	Power price PP (€/kW)	35.16	50.54	18.72	23.80
	Basic price BP (€)	191.00	558.00	–	257.04
	Efficiency for consumer η_DH (%)ⁱ	98
	Maintenance (%)^j	1

^aStadtwerke Sindelfingen (2007), ^b(2018), ^cStadtwerke Waldkraiburg (2018), ^dHallamICS (2012), ^eStadtwerke Karlsruhe (2018), ^f Stadtwerke Ulm (2018), ^gStadtwerke Pforzheim (2019), ^hStadtwerke Emmendingen (2019b), ⁱGudmundsson et al. (2013), ^jKonstantin (2017)