Geologic framework of the Fang Hot Springs area with emphasis on structure, hydrology, and geothermal development, Chiang Mai Province, northern Thailand

Wood, Spencer H.; Kaewsomwang, Pichet; Singharajwarapan, Fongsaward Suvagonda

doi:10.1186/s40517-017-0087-7

Geothermal Energy

Science – Society – Technology

Table 4 Chemistry of waters sampled at Fang Hot Springs

From: Geologic framework of the Fang Hot Springs area with emphasis on structure, hydrology, and geothermal development, Chiang Mai Province, northern Thailand

CODE	Sample date	pH	Temp °C	Cond. µS cm⁻¹	TDS mg l⁻¹	CO₃ mg L⁻¹	HCO₃ mg l⁻¹	Cl mg l⁻¹	SO₄ mg l⁻¹	F mg l	H₂S mg l⁻¹	NO₃ mg l⁻¹	SiO₂ mg l⁻¹
CM 3-C	1987	9.45	96		513			27.5	44	21.5			180
FANG-1	1987	9	99		510			18	23				176
Well FTGE-3	1987	8.9	98.5		499			17	19				169
Well FTGE-5	1987		99		519			18.4					180
F MINE	1987		40		342			3.63	97				50.6
Well FX-2	9-5-2011	9.17		550	440		100	9.2	16	20		< 1.0	170
Well FTGE-15	9-5-2011		130.4				110	8.8	22	19		< 1.0	170
well FTGE-14	9-5-2011	9.25		550	440		91	8.9	17	20		< 1.0	170
CM-03-8 well FTGE-14	2-2014	8.95	98.0	507	436	60.0	185.5	15.2	8.8	17.5	20	< 0.02	121.6
CM-03-2 east seep	2-2014		79.1	501	431	0.0	282.5	19	21.5	15.5	0.3	< 0.02	102.7
CM-03-3 main seep	2-2014	9.20	88.5	896	513	48.0	190.5	13.3	16.2	20.5	13	< 0.02	121.9
CM-03-4 main seep	2-2014	8.50	96.7	501	413	6.0	265.5	11.4	13.2	21.8	14	< 0.02	113.3
CM-03-5 main seep	2-2014	9.02	98.3	513	435	78.0	150.5	7.6	18.0	19.5	15	< 0.02	123.6
CM-03-6 main seep	2-2014	8.95	97.5	503	428	42.0	220.5	5.7	15.6	19.5	0.3	< 0.02	119.9
CM-03-7 main seep	2-2014	9.98	81.8	512	431	24.0	210.5	26.6	38.6	18.5	0.2	< 0.02	123.1
CM-03-9 generator outflow	2-2014	8.87	71.0	495	404	60.0	180.5	20.9	6.7	10.5	8.5	< 0.02	117.6
CM-03-10 cooling pond	2-2014	7.26	37.0	127	83	0.0	61.0	7.6	6.6	1.8	< 0.2	< 0.02	27.3
CM-03-1 north pond	2-2014	8.22	59.1	493	397	0.0	290.5	20.9	23.5	9.5	0.5	< 0.02	114.1

CODE	Sample date	NH₄ mg l⁻¹	Na mg l⁻¹	K mg l⁻¹	Li mg l⁻¹	Ca mg l⁻¹	Mg mg l⁻¹	Fe mg l⁻¹	Mn mg l⁻¹	Zn mg l⁻¹	Cu mg l⁻¹	Cd mg l⁻¹	Pb mg l⁻¹	Al µg l⁻¹	As µg l⁻¹
CM 3-C	1987		128	9.1		1.5	0.04	0.1
FANG-1	1987		120	8.7		1.4	0.05	0.277
Well FTGE-3	1987		120	8.8		1.9	0.1	0.35
Well FTGE-5	1987		126	9		1.2	0.07	0.038
F MINE	1987		54.3	8.6		28	13.6	0.25
Well FX-2	9-5-2011	0.10	120	8.4	0.49	1.1	< 0.5	0.14	< 0.005	0.23	< 0.05	< 0.001	< 0.050	320	< 50
Well FTGE-15	9-5-2011	0.13	120	8.6	0.48	1.7	< 0.5	0.26	0.015	7.00	< 0.05	< 0.001	< 0.01	550	< 50
well FTGE-14	9-5-2011	0.09	110	8.2	0.48	1.5	< 0.5	0.34	< 0.005	0.31	< 0.05	< 0.001		280	< 50
CM-03-8 well FTGE-14	2-2014		137.7	7.8	0.53	2.3	0.002	< 0.005	< 0.005	< 0.005	< 0.005	< 0.002	< 0.005	233.0	< 5.0
CM-03-2 east seep	2-2014		136.9	7.9	0.54	5.4	0.041	< 0.005	< 0.005	< 0.005	< 0.005	< 0.002	< 0.005	164.4	10.4
CM-03-3 main seep	2-2014		140.7	8.1	0.52	2.0	0.012	< 0.005	< 0.005	< 0.005	< 0.005	< 0.002	< 0.005	173.1	< 5.0
CM-03-4 main seep	2-2014		136.4	8.1	0.51	3.1	0.004	< 0.005	< 0.005	< 0.005	< 0.005	< 0.002	< 0.005	98.7	< 5.0
CM-03-5 main seep	2-2014		138.5	7.6	0.55	1.8	0.028	< 0.005	< 0.005	< 0.005	< 0.005	< 0.002	< 0.005	184.3	7.3
CM-03-6 main seep	2-2014		137.1	8.1	0.51	3.0	0.005	< 0.005	< 0.005	< 0.005	< 0.005	< 0.002	< 0.005	179.8	< 5.0
CM-03-7 main seep	2-2014		140.0	9.4	0.54	2.4	0.005	< 0.005	< 0.005	< 0.005	< 0.005	< 0.002	< 0.005	228.5	< 5.0
CM-03-9 generator outflow	2-2014		136.2	8.1	0.52	2.3	0.002	< 0.005	< 0.005	< 0.005	< 0.005	< 0.002	< 0.005	225.6	< 5.0
CM-03-10 cooling pond	2-2014		30.1	3.0	0.06	8.9	1.223	< 0.005	< 0.005	< 0.005	< 0.005	< 0.002	< 0.005	27.2	12.4
CM-03-1 north pond	2-2014		133.7	9.1	0.53	6.1	0.076	< 0.005	< 0.005	< 0.005	< 0.005	< 0.002	< 0.005	35.9	6.3

CODE	Sample date	Alkalinity mg l⁻¹ CaCO₃	Hardness mg l⁻¹ CaCO₃	%error Cat An⁻¹ balance	Source
CM 3-C	1987	237			1^a
FANG-1	1987	245			1^a
Well FTGE-3	1987	247			1^a
well FTGE-5	1987	255			1^a
F MINE	1987				1^a
Well FX-2	9-5-2011				2^b
Well FTGE-15	9-5-2011				2^b
Well FTGE-14	9-5-2011				2^b
CM-03-8 well FTGE-14	2-2014	272	25.8	− 1.6	3^c
CM-03-2 east seep	2-2014	232	31.2	− 3.2	3^c
CM-03-3 main seep	2-2014	252	29.9	− 3.6	3^c
CM-03-4 main seep	2-2014	230	24.7	− 3.2	3^c
CM-03-5 main seep	2-2014	279	31.7	− 1.8	3^c
CM-03-6 main seep	2-2014	265	29.7	− 2.3	3^c
CM-03-7 main seep	2-2014	221	31.5	− 1.9	3^c
CM-03-9 generator outflow	2-2014	268	25.4	− 3.7	3^c
CM-03-10 cooling pond	2-2014	50	3.4	− 0.5	3^c
CM-03-1 north pond	2-2014	238	30.5	− 3.0	3^c

¹Hirukawa et al. (1987)
²Lara Owens, Ormat Corp. written communication
³This study: analysis by the Office of Primary Industries and Mines, Region 3, Chiang Mai, using ICP, except F and Cl by ion selective electrode

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