Science – Society – Technology
Table 1 Serious damage events (>500,000 Euros) of vertical GSHP projects in Germany
From: Damage event analysis of vertical ground source heat pump systems in Germany
Location | State | Year | Damage in million (Euros) | Causes and effects |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Wurmlingen | Baden-Württemberg | 2002 | 0.5–1 | Subrosion of sulphate-bearing layers due to connection of aquifers resulting in subsidence |
Rudersberg | Baden-Württemberg | 2007 | 1–10 | Ingress of ascending/descending groundwater into anhydrite-bearing layers resulting in ground heaves at the surface |
Staufen | Baden-Württemberg | 2007 | >50 | Ingress of ascending groundwater into anhydrite-bearing layers resulting in ground heaves at the surface |
Böblingen | Baden-Württemberg | 2008 | >50 | Ingress of descending groundwater into anhydrite-bearing layers resulting in ground heaves at the surface |
Schorndorf | Baden-Württemberg | 2008 | 1–10 | Connection of aquifers with descending groundwater potential due to a leaky backfilling. Land subsidence due to decreasing groundwater level |
Kamen-Wasserkurl | North Rhine-Westphalia | 2009 | 1–10 | Drilling into karst structures. Descending, vertical groundwater flow, and material transfer. Sinkhole and subsidence at the surface |
Wiesbaden | Hesse | 2009 | 0.5–1 | Tapping of an artesian aquifer. Flooding at the surface |
Leonberg | Baden-Württemberg | 2011 | 1–10 | Connection of aquifers with descending groundwater potential due to a leaky backfilling. Land subsidence due to decreasing groundwater level |
Rottach-Egern | Bavaria | 2016 | >0.5 | No specific causes are identified yet |