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Table 2 Overview of general hydraulic conditions and secondary fracture fillings in selected URLs in the crystalline basement worldwide (e.g. Himmelsbach et al. 2003; Stanfors et al. 1999; Himmelsbach et al. 1998; Komulainen et al. 2014; Davison 1984; Kumazaki et al. 2003)

From: Criteria and geological setting for the generic geothermal underground research laboratory, GEOLAB

Name

Hydraulic properties

Secondary minerals in fractures

Grimsel Test Site, Switzerland

MHC: 10−12–10−11 m s−1

Albite, epidote, muscovite, mica, chlorite, calcite

FT: up to 10−10–10−5 m2 s−1

CM: <10 % mainly illite

Äspö Hard Rock Laboratory, Sweden

MHC: >10−12 m s−1

Chlorite, epidote, zoisite, albite, calcite, fluorite, sericite, and zeolites, hematite

FT: up to >10−4 m2 s−1

CM: illite, mixed-layer clay

Overall pumping rate: about 20 L s−1

 

Onkalo, Finland

FT (depth <85 m): up to >10−6 m2 s−1

Fe-sulphides, pyrrhotite, pyrite, and calcite

FT (depth >85 m): up to >10−7 m2 s−1

CM: illite, smectite-group, kaolinite

AECL URL, Lac du Bonnet, Canada

MHC: <10−11 m s−1

Chlorite, iron oxides, carbonates, epidote

FT: up to >10−3 m2 s−1

CM: present (type N/A)

Mizunami URL, Japan

HC (fresh Toki granite): >10−7 m s−1

Quartz, plagioclase, K-feldspar and biotite, iron oxides, chlorite, calcite

HC (altered Toki granite): >10−8 m s−1

CM: kaolinite, montmorillomite

Josef URL, Czech Republic

HC (overall): 2–5·10−9 m s−1

Ore (gold,…), quartz, calcite, barite

CM: n/a

Mine Reiche Zeche, Freiberg, Germany

MHC: <10−12 m s−1

Ore: sulphides, quartz, fluorite, sulphates, barite, feldspars, pyrite CM: n/a

FT: up to 10−8–10−4 m2 s−1

Lindau test site, Black Forest, Germany

HC (fractured ore dike): 5·10−6–10−4 m s−1

Quartz, fluorite, barite, ore

HC (fractured granite): 5·10−10–10−8 m s−1

CM: kaolinite

FT: up to >10−6–5·10−4 m2 s−1

 
  1. HC hydraulic conductivity, MHC matrix HC, FT fracture transmissivity, CM clay minerals