Science – Society – Technology
Table 3 Ongoing EGS projects (R&D and commercial) generating electricity
From: A systematic review of enhanced (or engineered) geothermal systems: past, present and future
Project | Type of power plant | Flow rate (l/s) | Distance between producer and injector (km) | Installed electrical capacity (MWe) | Thermal capacity (MWth) | Flow assurance problem |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
B. | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Bruchsal | Kalina cycle (BMU2011) | 28.5 (BMU2011) | 1.4 (BMU2011) | 0.55 (BMU2011) | 5.5 (GtV 2013) | High salt contents (100 g/l); high CO2 concentration (BMU 2011) |
Landau | Organic Rankine Cycle (BINE 2012d) | 70 to 80 (Baumgärtner 2012) | 1.5 (Bracke 2012) | Up to 3.6 (Baumgärtner 2012) | 2 to 5 (Baumgärtner 2012) | Unknown |
Insheim | Organic Rankine Cycle (Informationsportal Tiefe Geothermie 2013b) | 65 to 85 (planned) (Pfalzwerke-geofuture 2012) | Unknown | 4.8 (Pfalzwerke-geofuture 2012) | 6 to 10 (Pfalzwerke-geofuture 2012) | Unknown |
Neustadt-Glewe | Organic Rankine Cycle (Bracke 2012) | 35 (Bracke 2012) | 1.5 (BMU2011) | 0.21 (Bracke 2012) | 4 (Bracke 2012) | High salt content, high gas concentration (Bracke 2012) |
Unterhaching | Kalina cycle (BMU 2011) | 150 (Bracke 2012) | 4.5 (Bracke 2012) | 3.36 (Bracke 2012) | 38 (Bracke 2012) | Unknown |
Soultz | Organic Rankine Cycle (BMU 2011) | 30 (BMU 2011) | 0.6 (BMU 2011) | 1.5 (BMU 2011) | Non-scheduled (Dumas 2010) | Corrosion due to high salt contents (BMU 2011) |
Bouillante | Double and single flash (Bertini et al. 2006) | 150 (Bertini et al. 2006) | 0.5 (Bertini et al. 2006) | 15 (Bertini et al. 2006) | Unknown | Unknown |
Altheim | Organic Rankine cycle (Bayerisches Landesamt für Wasserwirtschaft 2011) | 81.7 (Bayerisches Landesamt für Wasserwirtschaft 2011) | 1.7 (Bayerisches Landesamt für Wasserwirtschaft 2011) | 1.0 (Bloomquist 2012) | 12.4 (Bayerisches Landesamt für Wasserwirtschaft 2011) | Clogging by a mixture consisting of stone material and bentonite (Pernecker 1999) |
Lardarello | Not known | 100 (Cappetti 2006) | Variable: generally > 0.5 (ENGINE 2008a) | 700 (ENGINE 2008b) | Not known | Highly corrosive, total loss of circulation when very high permeability fracture zones are encountered (ENGINE 2008b) |
Coso | Unknown | Unknown | 1.4 (Julian et al. 2009) | 240 (Karner 2005) | Unknown | Unknown |
Desert Peak | Unknown | 100 (Chabora and Zemach 2013) | Unknown | 1.7 (additional) (Chabora and Zemach 2013) | Unknown | Wellbore instability due to chemical stimulation (Chabora et al. 2012) |
BerlÃn | Binary power plant (Prevost 2004) | Unknown | Unknown | 54 (Bommer et al. 2006) | 56 (RodrÃguez 2000) | Unknown |
Cooper Basin | Unknown | 30 (Holl 2012) | Unknown | 1 (Geodynamics 2013) | Unknown | Unknown |
Hijiori | Binary Power Plant (DiPippo 2012a) | 17 (Sasaki 1998) | 0.038 to 0.063 (DiPippo 2012a) | 0.13 (DiPippo 2012a) | 8 (DiPippo 2012a) | High water losses (Johansson et al. 1993), precipitation of anhydrite (DiPippo 2012a) |