Science – Society – Technology
Table 2 Ongoing EGS projects (R&D and commercial) generating electricity
From: A systematic review of enhanced (or engineered) geothermal systems: past, present and future
Project | Start date | Location | Well depth (m) | Stimulation methods | Description | Operator | Rock type | Reservoir temperature (°C) | Seismic event |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A. | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Bruchsal | 1,983 (BMU2011) | Germany (BMU2011) | 1,874 to 2,542 (BMU2011) | Unknown | Commercial (Enbw 2013) | EnBW, EWB (KIT 2013) | Bunter Sandstone (KIT 2013) | 123 (Rettenmaier 2012)a; | Microseismic (KIT 2013) |
Landau | 2003 (BINE 2012d) | Germany (Baumgärtner 2012) | 3,170 to 3,300 (Baumgärtner 2012) | No stimulation for producer; hydraulic for injector (Baumgärtner 2012) | First implementation of EGS technology in Germany (BINE 2012d); first and only EGS in town in (D) (Baumgärtner 2012) | BESTEC, Geox (Baumgärtner 2012) | Granite (Lacirignola and Blanc 2012) | 159 (Baumgärtner 2012)a | Microseismic (≤2.7 M) (Baumgärtner 2012), felt by residents |
Insheim | 2007 (Insheim 2012) | Germany (Insheim 2012) | 3,600 to 3,800 (LGB-rlp 2012) | Yes (Baumgärtner 2012) | New concept, side-leg injection well (BINE 2012b) | Pfalzwerke geofuture GmbH (Pfalzwerke-geofuture 2012; BINE 2012b) | Keuper, perm, bunter sandstone, granite (Baumgärtner 2012) | 165 (LGB-rlp 2012) | M: 2.0 to 2.4 and microseismic (Groos et al. 2012) |
Neustadt-Glewe | 1984 (BMU 2011) | Germany (Bracke 2012) | 2,320 (Bracke 2012) | Unknown | Commercial, pilot plant for low enthalpy (BMU2011) | WEMAG AG, Stadt Neustadt-Glewe, Geothermie Neubrandenburg GmbH (BMU2011) | Sandstone (BMU 2011) | 99 (GtV 2013)a | Unknown |
Unterhaching | 2004 (BMU2011) | Germany (Bracke 2012) | 3,350 to 3,580 (Bracke 2012) | Acidizing (BMU2011) | First Kalina power plant in Germany (BINE 2012c) | Geothermie Unterhaching GmbH & Co. KG, Rödl & Partner GbR (BINE 2012c) | Limestone (Dumas 2010) | 123 (Bracke 2012)a | Unknown |
Soultz | 1987 (MIT et al. 2006b) | France (Genter 2012) | 5,093 (MIT et al. 2006d) | Hydraulic fracturing and acidizing (MIT et al. 2006d) | Research and demonstration (Genter 2012) | European cooperation project (MIT et al. 2006d) | Granite (MIT et al. 2006d) | 165 (BMU 2011) | Microseismic (M = −2 to 2.9) (Genter 2012) |
Bouillante | 1963/1996 (Bertini et al. 2006) | France (Guadeloupe) (Bertini et al. 2006) | 1,000 to 2,500 (Bertini et al. 2006) | Thermal cracking (Bertini et al. 2006) | Commercial (Bertini et al. 2006) | Geothermie Bouillante, CFG-Services, BRGM, ORKUSTOFNUN, COFOR (Bertini et al. 2006) | Volcanic lavas and tuffs (Bertini et al. 2006) | 250 to 260 (Bertini et al. 2006) | Microseismic (Sanjuan et al. 2010) |
Altheim | 1989 (Pernecker 1999) | Austria (Bloomquist 2012) | 2,165 to 2,306 (Bayerisches Landesamt für Wasserwirtschaft 2011) | Acidizing (Pernecker 1999), hydraulic stimulation (ENGINE 2008b) | Commercial (Pernecker 1999) | Municipality of Altheim, Terrawat (Pernecker 1999) | Limestone (Bayerisches Landesamt für Wasserwirtschaft 2011) | 106 (Bloomquist 2012) | Unknown |
Lardarello | 1970 (Cappetti 2006) (1904) | Italy (ENGINE 2008b) | 2,500 to 4,000 (Bertini et al. 2006) | Hydraulic and thermal stimulation (ENGINE 2008b) | Research and demonstration (Cappetti 2006) and commercial | ENEL Green Power (Lazzarotto and Sabatelli 2005) | Metamorphic rocks (ENGINE 2008b) | 300 to 350 (ENGINE 2008a)a | ≤3.0 M (Bromley 2012) |
Coso | 2002 (Häring 2007) | USA (Häring 2007) | 2,430 to 2,956 (Julian et al. 2009) | Hydraulic, thermal and chemical (Rose et al. 2004) | Research and development (Häring 2007) | Coso Operating Company (EGS Coso 2013) | Diorite, granodiorite, granite (Rose et al. 2004) | ≥300 (EGS Coso 2013) | ≤2.8 M (Julian et al. 2009) |
Desert Peak | 2002 (MIT 2006c) | USA (MIT et al. 2006c) | About 1,067 (Chabora et al. 2012) | Shear, chemical, hydraulic (Davatzes et al. 2012) | Research and development (Davatzes et al. 2012) | Ormat, GeothermEx (Val Pierce 2011) | Volcanic and metamorphic rocks (Chabora et al. 2012) | 179 to 196 (Chabora et al. 2012) | Microseismic: −0.03 to 1.7 (Chabora and Zemach 2013) |
BerlÃn | 2001 (Bommer et al. 2006) | El Salvador (RodrÃguez 2003) | 2,000 to 2,380 (RodrÃguez 2008) | Hydraulic fracturing and chemical (RodrÃguez 2003) | Developing EGS project in a geothermal field (RodrÃguez 2003) | Shell International (RodrÃguez 2003), LaGeo (Bommer et al. 2006) | Volcanic rocks (Häring 2007) | 183 (Bommer et al. 2006) | ≤4.4 M (Bommer et al. 2006) |
Cooper Basin | 2003 (Majer et al. 2007) | Australia (Majer et al. 2007) | 4,421 (Majer et al. 2007) | Largest demonstration project in the world (Stephens and Jiusto 2010) | Granite (Majer et al. 2007) | 242 to 278 (Geodynamics 2013) | ≤3.7M (Majer et al. 2007) | ||
Hijiori | 1985 (Sasaki 1998) | Japan (Sasaki 1998) | 1,805 to 1,910 (Sasaki 1998) | Hydraulic fracturing (Sasaki 1998) | Developing EGS technologies (Sasaki 1998) | Granodiorite (Sasaki 1998) | 190 (DiPippo 2012a) | Microseismic (Sasaki 1998) |