Science – Society – Technology
Table 1 EGS projects (R&D and commercial) still under development and not generating electricity
From: A systematic review of enhanced (or engineered) geothermal systems: past, present and future
Project | Start date | Location | Well depth (m) | Stimulation methods | Description | Operator | Current status | Rock type | BHT (°C) | Seismic event | Flow rate (l/s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Le Mayeta | 1978 (Cornet 2012) | France (Cornet 2012) | 200 to 800 (Cornet 2012) | Hydraulic fracturing with and without proppant (Cornet 2012; MIT et al. 2006b) | Not known | Not known | Granite (Cornet 2012) | 22 (Wyborn 2011) | Microseismic, not felt on surface (Cornet 2012) | 5.2 (Wyborn 2011) | |
Genesys Hannover | 2009 (Zimmermann et al. 2009) | Germany (Zimmermann et al. 2009) | 3,900 (Zimmermann et al. 2009) | Hydraulic fracturing (Zimmermann et al. 2009) | Demonstrate single well concepts (Zimmermann et al. 2009) | Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology (Zimmermann et al. 2009) | Salt deposition has been removed (BGR 2013) | Bunter sandstone (Zimmermann et al. 2009) | 160 (Blöscher et al. 2012) | Microseismic (1.8 M) (Huenges 2010) | 7 (planned) (Zimmermann et al. 2009) |
Groß Schönebeck | 2000 (Zimmermann et al. 2009) | Germany (Zimmermann et al. 2009) | 4,309 (Zimmermann et al. 2009; BINE 2012a) to 4,400 (BINE 2012a) | Hydraulic gel proppant and fracturing (Zimmermann et al. 2009; Blöscher et al. 2012; Huenges 2010) thermal (ENGINE 2008b), chemical (Henninges et al. 2012) | 1st in situ geothermal laboratory, EGS research (Zimmermann et al. 2009) | GFZ, Schmidt + Clemens GmbH + Co. KG (BINE 2012a) | Production-injection experiment and data interpretation and modelling finished (Feldbusch et al. 2013) | Sandstone and andesitic volcanic rocks (Zimmermann et al. 2009; Blöscher et al. 2012) | 145 (Blöscher et al. 2012) | Negligible (max, −1.8 to −1.0M) (Blöscher et al. 2012) | 20 (Blöscher et al. 2012) |
Mauerstetten | 2011 (Schrage et al. 2012a) | Germany (Schrage et al. 2012a) | 4,545 (Exorka 2013) | Chemical (Schrage et al. 2012b); hydraulic (Informationsportal Tiefe Geothermie 2013a) | Research (Schrage et al. 2012b) | Exorka GmbH, GFZ, TUBAF (Schrage et al. 2012a) | Seismic monitoring system installed (Informationsportal Tiefe Geothermie 2013a); next step, hydraulic stimulation (Informationsportal Tiefe Geothermie 2013a) | Limestone (Schrage et al. 2012a) | 130 (Schrage et al. 2012a) | Unknown | Unknown |
St. Gallen | 2009 (Geothermie Stadt St. Gallen 2013a) | Switzerland (Geothermie Stadt St. Gallen 2013a) | 4,450 (Geothermie Stadt St. Gallen 2013a) | Chemical and hydraulic (Geothermie Stadt St. Gallen 2013a) | Commercial: heat and power (Geothermie Stadt St. Gallen 2013a) | ITAG Tiefbohr GmbH (Geothermie Stadt St. Gallen 2013a) | Production test interrupted due to pump failure and resulting seismic event (Geothermie Stadt St. Gallen 2013a) | Malm, shell limestone (Geothermie Stadt St. Gallen 2013a) | 130 to 150 (estimated) (Geothermie Stadt St. Gallen 2013a) | 3.5 M (Geothermie Stadt St. Gallen 2013a) | (Geothermie Stadt St. Gallen 2013a) |
Newberry | 2010 (Cladouhos et al. 2012) | USA (Cladouhos et al. 2012) | 3,066 (BLM 2012) | Hydroshearing, multi-zone isolation techniques (Cladouhos et al. 2012) | Demonstration for EGS stimulation/research (Cladouhos et al. 2012) | AltaRock Energy, Davenport Newberry (Cladouhos et al. 2012) | Stimulation started successfully (Informationsportal Tiefe Geothermie 2012) | Volcanic rocks (Fittermann 1988) | 315 (Cladouhos et al. 2012) | Microseismic (Cladouhos et al. 2012) | Unknown |
Northwest Geysers | In 1980s (Garcia et al. 2012) | USA (Romero et al. 1995) | 3,396 (Garcia et al. 2012) | Thermal fracturing (Walters 2013) | Demonstration/research (Garcia et al. 2012) | Calpine Corporation (Garcia et al. 2012) | Stimulation stage (5 MW of potential production) (Walters 2013) | Metasedimentary rocks (greywacke) (Romero et al. 1995; Garcia et al. 2012) | About 400 (Garcia et al. 2012) | Microseismic (0.9 to 2.87 M) (Garcia et al. 2012; Walters 2013) | 9.70 (Garcia et al. 2012) |
Paralana | 2005 (Petratherm 2012) | Australia (Petratherm 2012) | 4,003 (Petratherm 2012) | Hydraulic (Petratherm 2012) | Commercial power development (Petratherm 2012) | Petratherm, Beach Energy (Petratherm 2012) | Drilling of Paralana 3, submit funding application (Petratherm 2012) | Metasediments, granite (Petratherm 2012) | 171 (Petratherm 2012) | Microseismic ≤2.6 M (Petratherm 2012) | Up to 6 (ENGINE 2008b) |