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Table 2 Representative hydraulic conductivities and hydraulic gradients of the four defined hydrogeological regions in Freiburg

From: City-scale heating and cooling with aquifer thermal energy storage (ATES)

Region

Horizontal hydraulic conductivitya [m s−1]

Hydraulic gradient [‰]

Groundwater flow velocity [m d−1]

Region 1

Neuenburg F.: 6.6 × 10–4

6.0

Neuenburg F.: 2.3

Breisgau F.: 0.2

Region 2

Neuenburg F.: 1.38 × 10–3

7.5

Neuenburg F.: 6.0

Breisgau F.: 0.3

Region 3

Neuenburg F.: 2.01 × 10–3

11.0

Neuenburg F.: 12.7

Breisgau F.: 0.4

Region 4

Neuenburg F.: 4.4 × 10–3

11.5

Neuenburg F.: 29.1

Breisgau F.: 0.4

  1. a Ratio horizontal to vertical hydraulic conductivity = 10